Social Learning Theory and juvenile delinquency

Presentation The motivation behind this article is to look at the exact investigations of the Social Learning Theory on adolescent wrongdoing. Adolescent misconduct involves the term that is utilized to disclose to youngsters who have not accomplished dominant part age and are associated with perpetrating wrongdoings. Misconduct alludes to the inability to keep laws that are set by the state.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Social Learning Theory and adolescent wrongdoing explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the sociological part of criminology, social collaborations and independence are the elements behind the adolescent misconduct. For the most part, society doesn't exist as an island yet rather unique individual interfaces and this guarantees the general public keeps on existing. The social cooperation hypothesis and adolescent misconduct have been composed widely throughout the years and the examinations have end up being intelligently steady and furthermore helpful in offering the experimental help. Along these lines, the examinations assume a significant job of clarifying all the social practices without which it is difficult to clarify the reasons for adolescent wrongdoing. The experimental investigations of the Social Learning Theory on adolescent misconduct assists with giving a knowledge on the past, present just as the fate of criminology for example the investigation reveals insight into the future bearings of social connection hypothesis. The principle point of social connection speculations on adolescent misconduct is to clarify how such social impacts as religion, family and governmental issues shapes an individual after some time. The social connection speculations on adolescent wrongdoing expect that transaction exists between an individual, the earth and reprobate acts. Logical ideas of social cooperation hypotheses on adolescent wrongdoing The social collaboration hypothesis on adolesc ent misconduct is included four fundamental illustrative ideas for example the differential affiliation hypothesis, definitions hypothesis, impersonation hypothesis and differential fortification hypothesis. Separation affiliation hypothesis is a social connection hypothesis that was defined by Edwin Sutherland. As indicated by this hypothesis, individuals creates degenerate practices by cooperating and connecting themselves with the individuals who draws in themselves in freak conduct for example one can learn positive or negative conduct through association. Sutherland in his Differentiation Association Theory contended that adolescent wrongdoing is brought about by perception and social communication. As per this hypothesis one is esteemed to act in a freak way because of relationship with bunch individuals who favor adolescent wrongdoing than those individuals who esteem the cultural standards. This hypothesis, additionally contends that the familiy unit is the significant wells pring of learning behaviors.Thus,if ones’ familiy unit is comprised of individuals who are occupied with degenerate practices, at that point one will undoubtedly build up a similar sort of behaviors.Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on criminal law? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also,the hypothesis contends that one learns certain standards and practices through the web, broad communications e.t.c. planning the differential affiliation hypothesis, Sutherland utilized three ideas for example the way of life struggle, social transmission hypothesis and the natural transmission hypothesis. The way of life struggle idea clarifies the nearness of numerous violations in the general public and furthermore the advancement towards turning into a lawbreaker. Sutherland’s hypothesis is in this manner significant as it assists with clarifying the adolescent misconduct in the general public (Morrison, 1995, P.51). Definitions hypothesis was created by Aker and it alludes to a person’s directions, clarifications, avocations e.t.c. that discloses with respect to whether ethically right or off base. Definitions hypothesis of adolescent misconduct is accordingly the procedure whereby one assesses the legitimacy or unsoundness of a specific activity. As per this hypothesis. The law definitions might be explicit or general for example an individual may obey law for the most part and thus abuse explicit arrangements of the law. Definitions are included practices that are found out because of connections and other cultural standards that accommodates the reprobate demonstrations. Explicit definitions render one to act in a specific way and the more one learns explicit or general perspectives, the higher the odds of taking part in wrongdoing acts (Krohn et.al. 2009, P.104). Impersonations hypothesis of adolescent misconduct alludes to the procedure whereby one mirrors conduct attributes of oth ers by watching them. The impersonation hypothesis of social wrongdoing was demonstrated by Gabriel Tarde who a French criminologist.Tarde was held the view that the local contrasts that exists in crime percentages are because of neighborhood varieties for example liquor addiction and destitution and not because of organic components. Tarde additionally contended that adolescent wrongdoing is a way of life that is found out through social interaction.Tarde in his impersonation laws contended that adolescent misconduct is a component of communicating with individuals who have freak practices. With this respects, a criminal experiences through periods of apprenticeship which is like that of a legal advisor or a specialist. Tarde concocted three laws that gave a record to the impersonations and adolescent misconduct. The first imitations’ law holds that individuals will in general emulate others when they are almost each other. In this manner, impersonation is prominent in many urban areas and towns that are thickly populated. The second impersonation law holds that those individuals who are inferiors will in general mirror their bosses. With this respects, adolescent wrongdoing starts from the bosses and later on, drops to bring down ranks.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Social Learning Theory and adolescent misconduct explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third impersonation law by Tarde holds that, it is conceivable to substitute molds especially when the two emerges simultaneously. The impersonation hypothesis of adolescent misconduct likewise held the view that wrongdoings begins in the capital urban communities. For example, carjacking, psychological militant exercises and other significant wrongdoings are predominant in metropolitan urban areas instead of rustic regions. Differential support hypothesis of adolescent misconduct is worried about the equalization that exists between the disciplines and r ewards that happens following a specific conduct. This parity assumes an imperative job in empowering people to carry on in a specific manner.Thus,the more the compensations for adolescent wrongdoing, the higher the propensity to perpetrate a wrongdoing and the other way around. Fortifications and disciplines can be nonsocial for example the immediate outcomes of liquor addiction and medications misuse. Causal elements of adolescent wrongdoing The young people utilize the social communications among themselves as a way to carry out violations. The social cooperations are a worry among numerous guardians as they dread that their youngsters may relate themselves in awful organization and thus submit reprobate acts. The social communication among the freak adolescents goes about as a methods through which the young people impact one another. The social learning hypotheses that are introduced by Akers, Sutherland and Marza clarify that adolescent wrongdoings happen in causal terms. The causal parts of adolescent misconduct incorporate the individual contrasts, social structures, social elements and social mental (Burfeind, Bartusch, 2006, P.66).The singular contrasts incorporates the mental and natural variables. Different investigations of the social cooperation hypothesis on adolescent wrongdoing uncover that the familiy communication assumes a significant job of advancing practices among little youngsters. High severity and low help adds to adolescent wrongdoings for example they causes an expansion in post-discipline of the demonstrations that were recently illegal. Character is interrelated with one’s defenselessness to reward or discipline and in this manner, the extraverts are generally less inclined to procure freak practices. Then again, solid molding has the impact of causing restraint of criminal practices especially in situations that energize adolescent delinquency.Thus,the achievement of social duty and mingled depends is to a great extent rel iant on ones’ contingency. The examinations have likewise considered IQ among guilty parties be the primary purpose for adolescent wrongdoing (Kim, 2008, P.23). The social elements of adolescent wrongdoing incorporate the imbalances and openings. Neediness and disparity has the impact of baffling youngsters and thusly making them participate in crimes. This is because of the way that, they as a rule feel that disparity exist between what others have and what the adolescent accept they should have. As per social control hypothesis, misconduct emerges when the social bonds are broken.Advertising Searching for investigate paper on criminal law? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Travis Hirsch in his investigation concocted four components of social obligations of an individual for example connection, duty, contribution and conviction. Connection is made of such angles as affectability and friendship for other people. As indicated by Travis, responsibility remembered such goes about as contributing for regular social orders. Inclusion involves investing a lot of energy in ordinary obligations while the conviction is the degree whereupon the young people feel they ought to keep the laws. As per Hirsch’s ,one is less inclined to take part in crimes on the off chance that the individual in question is firmly joined to the educators or parents.Also,a kid who has committed their exertion and time in schools’ traditional action is probably going to adjust and once in a while takes part in reprobate acts. However,Hirschi utilized exact information that was gotten from the young people self reports in testing his examination of juveni

The Use of Geographic Information Systems in Real Estate Appraisal Essa

The Use of Geographic Information Systems in Real Estate Appraisal Unique Appraisers need to show the thinking behind their worth sentiments by talking about significant spatial connections and their feasible impact on esteem. Geographic data frameworks (GIS) can be utilized to dissect these connections and to show why a customer should choose an appraiser who has this degree of data. Gilbert Castle has noticed that land is basically a round of data exchange. The imaginable champ of the game is the individual that exploits modernized investigations. Manor clarifies that GIS is an alluring method of demonstrating what you know.(n1) obviously, bigger informational collections are utilized for GIS investigation, not simply the base three comps. The visual guides that GIS can create could likewise be helpful in case, to help disclose complex issues to a jury that is moderately new to land valuation. Away from of complex specialized issues is the premise of legal counseling, a developing field that is relied upon to develop all the more quickly later on. The requirement for legal counseling has been made by fast changes in innovation. The Arden-Guthrie Problem Arden-Guthrie is an area in San Bernardino, California. Various false exchanges in that area expanded the apparent estimation of neighborhood fourfold properties. The inquiry is, How could an analyst have utilized GIS to discover the issues brought about by the false deals? A large number of the properties being referred to are situated inside the square gathering laid out in red in Figure 1. Other issue properties are situated in a square gathering only south of the plot region. The bigger red region at the highest point of the guide is a piece of a shading coding framework that shows middle leases by registration square gatherings. As should be obvious, tenants around there one-half mile toward the north were paying from $913 to $1,001 every month at the hour of the 1990 statistics. This speaks to the most noteworthy lease classification for San Bernardino County. Rental information from the 2000 evaluation will be accessible soon. A commentator could print out such a guide and use it to check rapidly for irregularities. One evident irregularity would be an evaluation that infers that rents in the most elevated section are shown for a property that is situated in a low-lease territory. Evaluation information is generally modest. Information for the whole nation was ava... ... 5. Blunt F. DeGiovanni in Gentrification, Displacement and Neighborhood Revitalization, SUNY arrangement on urban open strategy, Albany State University of New York Press, c1984 6. Emily DeNitto, A Neighborhood Grows in Brooklyn, Crain’s New York Business, January 1, 2001 7. Margaret E. Dewar, Why State and Local Economic Development Programs Cause so Little Development, in Economic Development Quarterly, Vol. 12 No. 1, Sage Publication, February 1998 8. Slobodan Djajic in Slobodan Djajic, International Migration Trends, Policies and Economic Impact, Routledge, London, New York 2001 9. Greg Donaldson, The Ville : cops and children in urban America, New York : Ticknor and Fields, 1993 10. Financial analyst, A humble commitment, Survey: Migration, October 2002 List of sources Financial analyst, A humble commitment, Survey: Migration, October 2002 Eliot Asinof, People versus Blutcher,, Viking Press Inc. New York, 1970 Emily DeNitto, A Neighborhood Grows in Brooklyn, Crain’s New York Business, January 1, 2001 Blunt F. DeGiovanni in Gentrification, Displacement and Neighborhood Revitalization, SUNY arrangement on urban open strategy, Albany State University of New York Press, c1984

Follow the News Online in Spanish

Follow the News Online in Spanish As of late as 2000, about all the breaking news accessible on the Internet was in English. The couple of every day online news distributions in Spanish were committed essentially to neighborhood worries of little enthusiasm to a worldwide crowd. Discovering Spanish News Publications Online Be that as it may, similarly as with a significant part of the Internet, the circumstance has changed quickly. Nowadays, the decision is practically boundless. I have discovered that a day by day perusing of the days occasions in Spanish is an astounding method of learning the language as it is truly being utilized. As would be normal, CNN en Espaã ±ol is the site most like the exhaustive, 24-hour English-language destinations. Since the majority of the articles are deciphered from English, they are typically simpler for Spanish students to comprehend. A wide choice of articles is accessible, with an accentuation on those identifying with the United States, Latin America, business and sports. Additionally situated in the U.S. is the Spanish-language news field is Google News Espaã ±a, which consistently refreshes its posting of Spanish-language articles at regular intervals. In spite of the destinations name, there are a lot of news sources recorded from Latin America and places other than Spain. Another site refreshed nonstop, yet far less gaudy, is that of Agencia EFE, a news administration. Theres a positive business inclination to the accounts, a large portion of which originate from Europe. This site likewise has one of only a handful barely any Spanish-language news tickers around. Another U.S.- based thorough Spanish-language news source is El Nuevo Herald. Albeit associated with The Miami Herald, El Nuevo Herald is in excess of an interpretation of the English online paper. Quite a bit of its substance is unique, and its most likely the best spot to learn updates on Cuba. Complete destinations from the Spanish-talking world incorporate Argentinas Clarã ­n and Spains ABC. A considerable lot of the other Spanish-language paper destinations on the Web underscore their national news as opposed to endeavor to give far reaching world inclusion. However, they give a viewpoint that cant be found anyplace else. What's more, if youre arranging an outing to a Spanish-talking region, its a decent route discover whats occurring there before going.

Proposal on Work Environment Office Decor

Question: Talk about the Proposal on Work Environmentfor Office Decor. Answer: As an organization administrator, I have been approached to design and supervise redesign venture. Be that as it may, the ongoing office condition has obsolete office stylistic theme and outfitting. The collaboration between the colleagues are likewise less. In this manner, I have to make a proposition arrangement to introduce my thought in the gathering with the proprietors. Plan: Right off the bat, I will propose another plan including no entryway arrangement. No entryway approach is one of correspondence arrangements. This implies the entryways of director, CEO, MD and boss will be constantly open for the workers so they can impart their issues to the more significant position authority and get makes a difference. I believe that this will urge the representatives to be straightforward in their works and alter themselves at the earliest opportunity. As per Avis (2016), the no entryway arrangement is an incredible opportunity to the workers to pose inquiries, recommendation conversation and present their anxiety to the administration. I figure this arrangement will help the administration additionally as they will get opportunity to screen the representatives and talk about their exhibition with the workers. Fit-Out: The following thing which ought to be created is the difference in fit out. As the room of our office Innovative Solution is adapted such that the colleagues can't associate appropriately. Thusly, I proposed that the organization ought to have present day innovation utilizations. Phone is the best medium to speak with the colleagues. Additionally, I will propose having projectors in each room, primarily in the gathering space for the preparation or meeting reason. Harris (2015) recommended that utilization of present day innovation encourages the representatives to work quick and simple. Consequently, I will propose about PCs in every space for the workers. In any case, I think, there ought to be webcams likewise in the rooms to screen the workers and their conduct. In the preparation room, there ought to be a TV for the preparation reason, which can be associated with the coaches PC. Stylistic layout of Workplace: The enhancement of the workplace condition likewise ought to be changed to inspire the representatives. Above all else, I will recommend changing the seats of the representatives. Taking into account Weil (2014), the representatives should feel simple in the workplace to improve the quality and amount of work. Next, I will recommend changing the lights and ventilation of the working environment. The rooms ought to be well lit and ventilated so the representatives don't feel uncomfortable to work. I will propose having armrests seats, which can be customizable. I figure, the organization ought to give forced air systems and LED tube lights to the rooms with the goal that the rooms can be well lit and ventilated to maintain a strategic distance from suffocation. Likewise, I will feature some more territories, which should be improved. These are following: Joint effort with Colleagues: For the effective profession in the work environment, coordinated effort with the associates is vital (Allee, Schwabe and Babb 2015). I will recommend the administration to mastermind preparing project and association program for the workers with the goal that the representatives can know each other enjoyably and the administration moreover. I will propose this specific recommendation in light of the fact that the representatives need to comprehend that how to cooperate and pick up the objective. Jirotka, Lee and Olson (2013) referenced that positive and compelling work relationship is significant o assemble a fruitful profession and finding the customary fulfillment in the activity. The cordial workplace spurs the representatives and therefore the profitability increments. This in a roundabout way encourages the organization to increase beneficial result. I trust that this will help our organization additionally to increase better result. Physical Resources to Support Innovation: To improve the development, I believe that I ought to recommend the execution of new physical assets. Our organization doesn't have legitimate space in the workplace so the administration should discover new places to move the organization with the goal that representatives can work unreservedly. If there should arise an occurrence of the new emplacement, it will be hard for the representatives to change with the old workers. The physical assets incorporate legitimate course of action of server, PCs, arrange and other office types of gear like seats and tables. These physical assets will build up the remodel venture and help the administration to inspire the representatives (Davenport 2013). I need to recommend this so individuals don't feel trouble in the work environment and can work calmly with no issue. Types of gear to Support Innovation: To build up the workplace, I will recommend no doled out seating idea. I will propose giving the representatives remote web and PCs with the goal that they need not to sit on a specific work area consistently. They can situate wherever of their decision to feel free in working and use the innovation. The procedure is called hot desking. In any case, I will recommend giving space in the working environment and revamp the workplace in a manner so the representatives don't confront any issue in changing their seats. This will support the representatives in community oriented working. Something else that I will propose is resting room. The workplace premises ought to have a resting space for the representatives and the board both (Davenport 2013). At whatever point the workers feel wiped out, there ought to be least treatment framework in the resting room with the goal that the representatives can take rest there. Condition and Creative attitude: The representatives should have inventive attitude. Along these lines the administration should begin the prize inventiveness, which will rouse the representatives. I figure, the workers ought not be disheartened and the classification ought to be enlivened. The administration can organize a proposal box, where the representatives can drop their recommendation. To investigate the innovativeness of the representatives, the administration can orchestrate imaginative groups, who will have the option to work with inspiration and increment the profitability (Jirotka, Lee and Olson 2013). Condition and Working Relationship: I will propose improving a domain to make great working relationship among the representatives. Each representative ought to have the trust on one another to make a decent working relationship and furthermore should regard the workers with the goal that the feeling and sentiment of the workers are not harmed. References: Allee, V., Schwabe, O. furthermore, Babb, M.K., 2015.Value Networks and the genuine idea of coordinated effort. Meghan-Kiffer Press. Avis, J., 2016.Social Justice, Transformation and Knowledge: approach, work environment learning and abilities. Routledge. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process development: reengineering work through data innovation. Harvard Business Press. Harris, R., 2015. The changing idea of the work environment and the eventual fate of office space.Journal of Property Investment Finance,33(5), pp.424-435. Jirotka, M., Lee, C.P. what's more, Olson, G.M., 2013. Supporting logical joint effort: Methods, instruments and concepts.Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW),22(4-6), pp.667-715. Weil, D., 2014.The fissured work environment. Harvard University Press.

GMAT Pill Shares Tips on the GMATs New IR Section

Next up in our series on IR tips and insights is Zeke Lee, founder of the GMAT Pill Study Method, a top-rated online GMAT prep course  specifically designed to help students study less and score more. The GMAT Pill video course is now available on iPad devices for students on-the-go.   (Scroll down for an exclusive offer from the GMAT Pill.) Accepted: What is the new integrated reasoning (IR) section testing? Zeke from the GMAT Pill: In short, the new integrated reasoning section is a series of multi-part question types that generally better represent ones reasoning abilities in the context of real-life business situations. These questions effectively integrate all the previous test sections into one section that puts them all together. Types:  The four types of integrated reasoning questions are: Multi Source Reasoning (MSR) Two Part Analysis Graphics Interpretation Table Analysis Quantity:  You will see a total of 12 integrated reasoning questions. Your very first IR question is randomly generated so it is impossible to tell which question type you will see first. Just know that by the end of the 12 questions, you will have seen ~2-3 graphics questions, ~3-4 two part analysis questions, ~1-2 table analysis questions, and ~2-3 multisource reasoning questions.   Of the 12 IR questions, a few of them will be experimental but as usual, it will be impossible to tell which ones are experimental. Time: You will have 30 minutes to complete the 12 questions in the integrated reasoning section. On average, you should budget 2 minutes and 30 seconds per question. Multiple Parts:  Each question actually has multiple parts. Some question types have two parts. For example, graphics questions have two  drop-downs. Two part analysis questions also have two columns of radio buttons to choose. Other questions have three parts including table analysis and multi source reasoning. The only exception will be a second type of multi-source reasoning question that is very similar to a multiple choice question, in which there is only one part to the question. Partial Credit:  For each of the questions that involve multiple parts, the test taker must answer all parts correctly in order to earn credit for that particular question. No partial credit will be given. Accepted: What are your top three study tips for IR? Zeke from the GMAT Pill: A) Get familiar with the various question types. One resource we recommend is the interactive Practice Pill Platform for  GMAT Integrated Reasoning Questions: With this Practice Pill, youll be able to keep an online error logbook of mistakes youve made so you can revisit them and learn from them. We also recommend getting the online question bank associated with the Official Guide 13th edition. These resources will prove valuable for your preparation. B) Note that two-part analysis and multisource reasoning questions tend to be a bit more difficult than the graphics and table analysis questions so budget your time accordingly. C) Dont stress too much about it. The main show is still going to be your 800 score, which is dominated by the verbal and quant sections. The integrated reasoning section offers an additional data point for admissions committees, but the main verbal and quant sections are still the main show so dont get psyched out. Accepted: How have your test prep materials and courses changed to prepare students for the IR section? Zeke from the GMAT Pill: We took the new change with the IR section as an opportunity to upgrade our entire site with a new interactive question platform that includes every question type you will see on the GMAT from sentence correction  to  data sufficiency to  multi source reasoning. We also prepared unique core frameworks specially designed for this new section and made our video course available for students to download to their iPad and watch on-the-go. In terms of IR, we added Over 3 hours of video on two part analysis and IR frameworks Over 2.5 hours of video on graphics interpretation Over 1.5 hours of video on table analysis Over 4.5 hours of video on multi source reasoning. In total, thats well over 10 hours of quality instructional video focused only on the integrated reasoning section. Accepted: For  2013  applicants, do you think schools will make heavy use of the IR score and treat it as reliable and predictive as the other GMAT sections? Or do you believe they will rely more on the tried and true elements of the GMAT and less on IR this year? Zeke from the GMAT Pill: During the first year, we believe schools will still place a heavier emphasis on the main 800 score. The IR score will be more important than the AWA essay score but less important than the main verbal and quant show. We say this because applicants for this years MBA class include candidates who took their GMAT up to 5 years ago. It will be difficult for admissions committee members to compare students who have an IR score with students who do not have an IR score. ***The GMAT Pill is offering Accepted.com blog readers a $30 discount on its combo package. Purchase today and save!***   Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

Womens Suffrage in the United States - Free Essay Example

Prior to 1920, women in the United States did not carry the right to vote in political elections, for the privilege of voting was solely for caucasian men. Women across the country desired for equality- to have the social, economic, and political status as men. Unfortunately, these ambitions were seen as irrational and continuously neglected by many men. These brave women sought to prove that they were capable of more than just tending to children and carrying out household chores. American women felt it necessary to be recognized as citizens that contributed to society in both political and economical aspects. The Womens Rights Movement started to take shape and be more recognized in the 1950s. Unfortunately, the timing did not work in their favor. Just as the movement was gaining more and more attention from others, the Civil War began. This interrupted any progress in the fight for womens rights. Upon the conclusion of the Civil War, another group was awarded the right to vote. On February 26, 1869, the Fifteenth Amendment reached enough attention to pass through, thus granting African-American men the right to vote. With the passing of this amendment women had a sense of optimism and excitement anticipating that they too may also win the long awaited legal dispute to vote in elections. While being oppressed, women were so desperate for equality that some of them dressed as men just to attempt to cast their vote. Other actions some suffragettes took were hunger strikes. These women would starve themselves just to get attention to prove their point of equality. Risking their lives, their freedom, and their health were all drastic measures they viewed as necessary steps in achieving their goal. The fight for womens suffrage lasted mostly between the times from the American Revolution to 1920. Many of the women that founded this movement also took part in the abolitionist movement to end slavery in the 1830s and 1840s. These women were intelligent, strong- wi lled and persistent. They knew what they wanted and they were ready to fight for it. An important woman in this movement, Alice Paul, began an Equal Rights Amendment and gained popularity with her crusade. Alice Paul and her supporters would arrange parades to raise awareness of womens equality. Through this, Alice Paul and the rest of her organization gained many more supporters. Some women were beaten and arrested for simply talking about how they deserved to be treated better. Opposition was using propaganda and stating women should not have that right. President Wilson was a big support to this movement. He talked to the senate about adopting womens suffrage after World War l ended. After many years of protesting, arguing, and fighting, the 19th Amendment, womens right to vote, went through the ratification process in 1919. Before Senate passes the 19th Amendment, there were many states that adopted womens suffrage prior to this happening. Some states to adopt this act were Oregon, Arizona, Montana, and South Dakota. Some states to reject this act included Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and Massachusetts. Other actions that were occuring to help this movement was women living in Arkansas could vote in primary elections, and in 1917, Jeannette Rankin became the first woman elected to congress and is part of the House of Representatives. Most of these particular steps supported the movement and helped the Amendment pass. However, some actions were taken to try and stop these women from overcoming their goal. Alice Paul was put in a prison because the government was trying to break her will of leading the other women. This did not stop the women because they soon had the 19th Amendment go through the ratification process, and all they can do is continue to support and hope the 19th Amendment is ratified.

Primitive Data Types in Java Programming

In almost every Java program you will find primitive data types being used. They provide a way to store the simple values the program is dealing with. For example, consider a calculator program that allows the user to perform mathematical calculations. In order for the program to achieve its goal, it has to be capable of storing the values the user enters. This can be done using variables. A variable is a container for a specific kind of value that is known as a data type. Primitive Data Types Java comes with eight primitive data types to handle simple data values. They can be split into four categories by the kind of value they hold: Integers: these are positive and negative whole numbers.Floating Point Numbers: any number that has a fractional part.Characters: a single character.Truth Values: either true or false. Integers Integers hold number values that cannot have a fractional part. There are four different types: byte: uses one byte to store values from -128 to 127short: uses two bytes to store values from -32,768 to 32,767int: uses four bytes to store values from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647long: uses eight bytes to store values from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 As you can see from above the only difference between the types are the range of values they can hold. Their ranges directly correlate to the amount of space the data type needs to store its values. In most cases when you want to represent a whole number use the int data type. Its ability to hold numbers from just under -2 billion to a little over 2 billion will be suitable for most integer values. However, if for some reason you need to write a program that uses as little memory as possible, consider the values you need to represent and see if the byte or short is a better choice. Likewise, if you know the numbers you need to store are higher than 2 billion then use the long data type. Floating Point Numbers Unlike integers, floating point numbers like fractional parts. There are two different types: float: uses four bytes to store values from -3.4028235E38 to 3.4028235E38double: uses eight bytes to store values from -1.7976931348623157E308 to 1.7976931348623157E308 The difference between the two is simply the range of fractional numbers they can hold. Like integers the range directly correlates to the amount of space they need to store the number. Unless you have memory concerns its best to use the double data type in your programs. It will handle fractional numbers to the precision needed in most applications. The main exception will be in financial software where rounding errors cannot be tolerated. Characters There is only one primitive data type that deals with individual characters – the char. The char can hold the value of one character and is based on 16-bit Unicode encoding. The character might be a letter, digit, punctuation, a symbol or a control character (e.g., a character value that represents a newline or a tab). Truth Values As Java programs deal in logic there needs to be a way to determine when a condition is true and when it is false. The boolean data type can hold those two values; it can only be true or false.